List of Abbreviations / 7
Introduction / 9

Chapter 1. Deprivation of liberty in the context of criminal justice system / 17
1.1. General remarks / 17
1.2. Deprivation of liberty – its nature and aims / 23
1.3. Classification of prisoners – consequences / 26
1.4. Basic penitentiary paradox / 29
1.5. Prison of the 21st century / 31

Chapter 2. Contemporary penitentiary standards and policy – normative aspect / 37
2.1. Treaty standards / 38
2.1.1. General treaties / 38
2.1.2. Special treaty regulations / 43
2.2. Recommended standards / 45
2.2.1. Universal level / 45
2.2.2. Regional level / 49
2.3. Domestic impact of international standards – Polish example / 53

Chapter 3. Prison population – human dimension of personal interrelations / 57
3.1. The prisoners / 57
3.2. The prison staff / 66
3.3. Interpersonal confrontations and their consequences / 71
3.3.1. Horizontal personal interrelations / 72
3.3.2. Vertical personal interrelations / 76
3.4. Examples of extreme personal interrelations (prison scandals in
a nutshell) / 78

Chapter 4. Social rehabilitation of prisoners – between idea and reality / 83
4.1. An idea of “normalization”/ 83
4.2. A concept of the “implied limitations”/ 90
4.3. Main instruments of social rehabilitation / 92
4.3.1. Contacts with the outside world – possibilities / 92
4.3.2. Special offers inside the prisons / 95
4.3.2.1. Work / 95
4.3.2.2. Education / 98
4.3.2.2.1. Spiritual assistance / 99
4.3.2.2.2. Leisure time / 101
4.3.2.3. Treatment programs / 102
4.4. Preparation for release / 104

Chapter 5. Prison life and human dignity – situations of special risk / 107
5.1. Brief introductory remarks / 107
5.2. Problem of discrimination / 108
5.3. Prison order and coercion measures / 110
5.3.1. An authorized coercion actions in prison / 112
5.4. Health care “in” and “out” of prison / 118
5.5. Disciplinary procedure and sanctions / 122

Chapter 6. Control, inspections and basic procedural guaranties for prisoners / 127
6.1. Domestic level / 129
6.2. International level / 132
6.2.1. Complaint/petition procedures / 132
6.2.1.1. Council of Europe / 132
6.2.1.2. European Union / 134
6.2.1.3. United Nations Organization / 135
6.2.2. Additional monitoring procedures / 137

Final remarks / 139
Bibiography (Basic Literature) / 147
Appendices / 155